An Appraisal Of Effects Of Music Therapy On Labour Pain...

An Appraisal of Effects of Music Therapy on Labour Pain and Anxiety in Taiwanese First-time Mothers Carolina Escobar-Carter Georgia Baptist College of Nursing of Mercer University I have neither given nor received help on this assignment, and pledge this work to be my original composition. Carolina Escobar-Carter Synopsis This study was conducted to examine the impact that music has on primiparous women and their pain and anxiety during labor. It was hypothesized that music therapy would produce more favorable outcomes in reducing pain and anxiety compared to standard care without music therapy. The women were chosen from a convenience sample at two hospitals in southern Taiwan with criteria that included: primiparous women with a normal pregnancy, carrying to term, planning to deliver vaginally, and planning a natural birth without the use of analgesics to relieve pain. Women were excluded if they received an epidural and if a caesarean section was performed. Out of an original 103 women recruited, 43 women were excluded or dropped out due to caesareans, epidurals, or abnormal circumstances, and a total of 60 participants were included in this study. The average age of participants was 27.12 and all were first-time mothers. The sample size was determined by Analysis of covariance which estimate d 26 participants for each group (Liu, Chang, Chen, 2009, p. 1067). Women that met the inclusion criteria and that were approximately 2-4 cm dilated wereShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesPassage Socialization 184 Assumptions of Employee Socialization 184 Socialization Strongly Influences Employee Performance and Organizational Stability 184 Organizational Stability Also Increases through Socialization 185 New Members Suffer from Anxiety 185 Socialization Does Not Occur in a Vacuum 185 Individuals Adjust to New Situations in Remarkably Similar Ways 185 A Special OD Case: The Learning Organization 199 Evaluating Training and Development Effectiveness 199 Evaluating Training 199Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Figure 3.8 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4 Relating cause and effect How theory provides explanation The double hermeneutic The derivation of ‘epistemology’ What is this? The derivation of ontology Positivist philosophical assumptions – the truth is out there and we can objectively know it The role of the subjectiveRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesglOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women 61 Questions for Review 62 Experiential Exercise Feeling Excluded 62 Ethical Dilemma Board Quotas 62 Case Incident 1 The Flynn Effect 63 Case Incident 2 Increasing Age Diversity in the Workplace 64 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Attitudes 70 What Are the Main Components of Attitudes? 70 †¢ Does Behavior Always Follow from Attitudes? 71 †¢ What Are the Major Job AttitudesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesaround nation-centered themes such as assimilation, push-pull, national identity, debates over national legislation, and diasporas with their attachment to home nations. Enormous and inconclusive social science literatures have tried to gage the effect of immigration and emigration on national economies, political participation, social structures, and national demography. Recent work on â€Å"transnationalism,† â€Å"diaspora,† and migrant networks has tried to move beyond this kind of knowledge, but more